|
Greenwich Peninsula is an area of south east London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The peninsula is bounded on three sides by a loop of the Thames, between the Isle of Dogs to the west and Silvertown to the east. To the south is the rest of Greenwich, to the south-east is Charlton. The peninsula lies within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. Formerly known as Greenwich Marshes〔OS 1:2500 map of 1867, Republished as ''West India Docks 1867'', The Godfrey Edition, Alan Godfrey Maps, 1991, Gateshead, ISBN 0-85054-466-1〕 and as Bugsby's Marshes,〔http://www.theanswerbank.co.uk/History/Question687843.html〕 it became known as East Greenwich as it developed in the 19th century, but more recently has been called North Greenwich due to the location of the North Greenwich tube station. This should not be confused with North Greenwich on the Isle of Dogs, at the north side of a former ferry from Greenwich. The peninsula's northernmost point on the riverside is known as Blackwall Point, and this may have led to the name Blackwall Peninsula sometimes being used in the late 20th century.〔E.g. Hansard parliamentary reports: Simon Hughes in 1993 () and John Austin-Walker in 1994.(). Retrieved 24 April 2009〕 Landmarks include ''The Dome'' (also known by the current corporate logo The O2 and previously the Millennium Dome) and the southern end of the Blackwall Tunnel, but the area is now being substantially redeveloped with new homes, offices, schools, a college and parks. ==History== The peninsula was drained by Dutch engineers in the 16th century, allowing it to be used as pasture land. In the 17th century, Blackwall Point (the northern tip of the peninsula, opposite Blackwall) gained notoriety as a location where pirates' corpses were hung in cages as a deterrent to other would-be pirates. The peninsula was steadily industrialised from the early 19th century onwards. In 1857 a plan was presented to Parliament for a huge dock occupying much of the peninsula, connected to Greenwich Reach to the west and Bugsby's Reach to the east, but this came to nothing.〔Mary Mills, ''Greenwich Marsh - The 300 years before the Dome'', London: M.Wright, 1999, ISBN 0-9535245-0-7〕 Early industries included Henry Blakeley's Ordnance Works making heavy guns, with other sites making chemicals, submarine cables, iron boats, iron and steel.〔 Henry Bessemer built a steel works in the early 1860s to supply the London shipbuilding industry, but this closed as a result of a fall in demand due to the financial crisis of 1866.〔(Bessemer's autobiography Chapter 21 )〕 Later came oil mills, shipbuilding (for example the 1870 clippers ''Blackadder'' and ''Hallowe'en'' built by Maudslay), boiler making, manufacture of Portland cement and linoleum (Bessemer's works became the Victoria linoleum works) and the South Metropolitan Gas company's huge East Greenwich Gas Works.〔OS 1:2500 map of 1894, Republished as ''West India Docks & Greenwich Marshes 1894'', The Godfrey Edition, Alan Godfrey Maps, Gateshead, 2000, ISBN 978-1-84151-194-8〕 Early in the 20th century came bronze manufacturers Delta Metals and works making asbestos and 'Molassine Meal' animal feed.〔OS 1:2500 map of 1914, Republished as ''West India Docks 1914'', The Godfrey Edition, Alan Godfrey Maps, Gateshead, 1991, ISBN 0-85054-444-0〕 For over 100 years the peninsula was dominated by the gasworks which primarily produced town gas, also known as coal gas. The gasworks grew to , the largest in Europe, also producing coke, tar and chemicals as important secondary products. The site had its own extensive railway system connected to the main railway line near Charlton, and a large jetty used to unload coal and load coke. There were two huge gas holders, of 8.6 and 12.2 million ft3 (240,000m3 and 345,000m3). The larger holder, originally the largest in the world, was reduced to 8.9 million ft3 (250,000m3) when it was damaged in the Silvertown explosion in 1917, but was still the largest in England until it was damaged again by a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb in 1978. Originally manufacturing gas from coal, the plant began to manufacture gas from oil in the 1960s. Its peak production of 400 million ft3 per day (11.3 million m3) in the mid 1960s is believed to have been the largest of any single site in the world.〔Carr, R.J.M. (Ed) 1983,''Dockland'', NELP/GLC, ISBN 0-7168-1611-3〕 The discovery of natural gas reserves in the North Sea soon rendered the complex obsolete. On the eastern shore was Blackwall Point Power Station; the original station from the 1890s was replaced in the 1950s by a new station which ceased operation about 1981. A large area including the site of the Victoria linoleum works later became the Victoria Deep Water Terminal in 1966, handling container traffic. At the southern end of the peninsula Enderby's Wharf was occupied by a succession of famous submarine cable companies from 1857 onwards, including Glass Elliot, W T Henley, Telcon, Submarine Cables Ltd, STC, Nortel and Alcatel.〔(Green A, 150 Years Of Industry & Enterprise At Enderby's Wharf )〕 The peninsula remained relatively remote from central London until the opening of the Blackwall Tunnel in 1897, and had no passenger railway or London Underground service until the opening of North Greenwich tube station on the Jubilee line in 1999. Closure of the gasworks, power station and other industries in the late 20th century left much of the Greenwich Peninsula a barren wasteland, much of it heavily contaminated. Surviving industrial uses today on the western side of the peninsula, between the river and the A102 Blackwall Tunnel southern approach road, include Alcatel, the recently closed (September 2009) Tunnel Refiners glucose plant (until about 2008 part of Tate & Lyle), and two large marine aggregate terminals on the Delta Metals and Victoria Deep Water Terminal sites. One of the two gas holders also remains. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Greenwich Peninsula」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|